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*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Century 1611]
==Definitions==
*1 : not dependent: as a (1) : not subject to [[control]] by others : self-governing (2) : not affiliated with a larger controlling unit <an independent bookstore>
:b (1) : not requiring or relying on something else : not [[contingent]] <an independent conclusion> (2) : not looking to others for one's [[opinion]]s or for [[guidance]] in conduct (3) : not bound by or committed to a [[political]] party
:c (1) : not requiring or relying on others (as for care or livelihood) <independent of her parents> (2) : being enough to free one from the [[necessity]] of working for a living <a person of independent means>
:d : showing a [[desire]] for [[freedom]] <an independent manner>
:e (1) : not determined by or capable of being deduced or derived from or [[expressed]] in terms of members (as [[axiom]]s or [[equation]]s) of the set under consideration; especially : having [[linear]] independence <an independent set of vectors> (2) : having the property that the joint [[probability]] (as of events or samples) or the joint probability [[density]] [[function]] (as of [[random]] variables) equals the product of the probabilities or probability density functions of separate occurrence
==Description==
'''Independence''' is the self-[[government]] of a nation, country, or [[state]] by its residents and [[population]], or some portion thereof, generally exercising [[sovereignty]].
The term independence is used in contrast to subjugation, which refers to a region as a "territory" —subject to the [[political]] and military [[control]] of an external government. The [[word]] is sometimes used in a weaker sense to contrast with [[hegemony]], the indirect control of one nation by another, more powerful nation.
Independence can be the initial [[status]] of an emerging nation (often filling a political void), but is often an [[Liberation|emancipation]] from some dominating power. It can be argued that independence is a [[negative]] definition: the state of not being controlled by another [[power]] through colonialism, expansionism or imperialism. Independence may be obtained by decolonization, or by separation or dissolution.
Although the last three can often coincide with it, they are not to be confused with [[revolution]], which typically refers to the [[violent]] overthrow of a ruling [[authority]]. This sometimes only aims to redistribute power—with or without an element of emancipation, such as in democratization—within a state, which as such may remain unaltered. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution Russian October Revolution], for example, was not intended to seek national independence; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Revolutionary_War United States Revolutionary War], however, was.
[[Autonomy]] (in slight [[contrast]]) refers to a kind of independence which has been granted by an overseeing [[authority]] that itself still retains [[ultimate]] authority over that territory (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devolution Devolution]). A protectorate refers to an autonomous region that depends upon a larger government for its protection as an autonomous region. The dates of established independence (or, to a lesser [[degree]], the commencement of [[revolution]]), are typically celebrated as a national holiday known as an independence day.
Sometimes, a [[state]] wishing to achieve independence from a dominating [[power]] will issue a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_independence declaration of independence], the earliest surviving example being Scotland's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Arbroath Declaration of Arbroath], and the most recent example being Abkhazia's Act of State Independence. Another example is the U.S. [[Declaration of Independence]] issued in 1776.
Causes for a country or province wishing to seek independence are many. [[Disillusionment]] rising from the establishment is a [[cause]] widely used in separatist [[movements]], but it is usually severe [[economic]] [[difficulties]] that trigger these [[groups]] into [[action]]. The means can extend from peaceful [[demonstrations]], like in the case of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movement Indian independence] movement, to a [[violent]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_war civil war].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence]
[[Category: Politics]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Century 1611]
==Definitions==
*1 : not dependent: as a (1) : not subject to [[control]] by others : self-governing (2) : not affiliated with a larger controlling unit <an independent bookstore>
:b (1) : not requiring or relying on something else : not [[contingent]] <an independent conclusion> (2) : not looking to others for one's [[opinion]]s or for [[guidance]] in conduct (3) : not bound by or committed to a [[political]] party
:c (1) : not requiring or relying on others (as for care or livelihood) <independent of her parents> (2) : being enough to free one from the [[necessity]] of working for a living <a person of independent means>
:d : showing a [[desire]] for [[freedom]] <an independent manner>
:e (1) : not determined by or capable of being deduced or derived from or [[expressed]] in terms of members (as [[axiom]]s or [[equation]]s) of the set under consideration; especially : having [[linear]] independence <an independent set of vectors> (2) : having the property that the joint [[probability]] (as of events or samples) or the joint probability [[density]] [[function]] (as of [[random]] variables) equals the product of the probabilities or probability density functions of separate occurrence
==Description==
'''Independence''' is the self-[[government]] of a nation, country, or [[state]] by its residents and [[population]], or some portion thereof, generally exercising [[sovereignty]].
The term independence is used in contrast to subjugation, which refers to a region as a "territory" —subject to the [[political]] and military [[control]] of an external government. The [[word]] is sometimes used in a weaker sense to contrast with [[hegemony]], the indirect control of one nation by another, more powerful nation.
Independence can be the initial [[status]] of an emerging nation (often filling a political void), but is often an [[Liberation|emancipation]] from some dominating power. It can be argued that independence is a [[negative]] definition: the state of not being controlled by another [[power]] through colonialism, expansionism or imperialism. Independence may be obtained by decolonization, or by separation or dissolution.
Although the last three can often coincide with it, they are not to be confused with [[revolution]], which typically refers to the [[violent]] overthrow of a ruling [[authority]]. This sometimes only aims to redistribute power—with or without an element of emancipation, such as in democratization—within a state, which as such may remain unaltered. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution Russian October Revolution], for example, was not intended to seek national independence; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Revolutionary_War United States Revolutionary War], however, was.
[[Autonomy]] (in slight [[contrast]]) refers to a kind of independence which has been granted by an overseeing [[authority]] that itself still retains [[ultimate]] authority over that territory (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devolution Devolution]). A protectorate refers to an autonomous region that depends upon a larger government for its protection as an autonomous region. The dates of established independence (or, to a lesser [[degree]], the commencement of [[revolution]]), are typically celebrated as a national holiday known as an independence day.
Sometimes, a [[state]] wishing to achieve independence from a dominating [[power]] will issue a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_independence declaration of independence], the earliest surviving example being Scotland's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Arbroath Declaration of Arbroath], and the most recent example being Abkhazia's Act of State Independence. Another example is the U.S. [[Declaration of Independence]] issued in 1776.
Causes for a country or province wishing to seek independence are many. [[Disillusionment]] rising from the establishment is a [[cause]] widely used in separatist [[movements]], but it is usually severe [[economic]] [[difficulties]] that trigger these [[groups]] into [[action]]. The means can extend from peaceful [[demonstrations]], like in the case of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movement Indian independence] movement, to a [[violent]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_war civil war].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence]
[[Category: Politics]]
[[Category: Political Science]]
