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==Etymology==
Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from [[Latin]] sanction-, sanctio, from sancire to make [[holy]] (see [[sacred]])
*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century]
==Definitions==
*1 : a [[formal]] [[decree]]; especially : an ecclesiastical decree
*2 a obsolete : a [[solemn]] [[agreement]] : [[oath]]
:b : something that makes an oath binding
*3 : the detriment, loss of reward, or [[coercive]] [[intervention]] annexed to a violation of a [[law]] as a means of enforcing the law
*4 a : a [[consideration]], principle, or [[influence]] (as of conscience) that impels to [[moral]] [[action]] or determines [[moral]] [[judgment]]
:b : a [[mechanism]] of [[social]] [[control]] for enforcing a [[society]]'s [[standards]]
:c : explicit or official approval, permission, or ratification : approbation
*5 : an [[economic]] or military [[coercive]] measure adopted usually by several nations in concert for forcing a nation violating international [[law]] to desist or yield to [[adjudication]]
==Description==
'''Sanctions''' are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for [[obedience]] with the [[law]], or with rules and regulations. [[Criminal]] sanctions can take the form of serious [[punishment]], such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines. Within the civil law [[context]], sanctions are usually monetary fines, levied against a party to a lawsuit or his/her attorney, for violating rules of [[procedure]], or for abusing the [[judicial]] [[process]]. The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with [[prejudice]], of a complaining party's [[cause]] of [[action]], or of the responding party's answer. This has the [[effect]] of deciding the entire action against the sanctioned party without recourse, except to the [[degree]] that an [[appeal]] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_de_novo trial de novo] may be allowed because of reversible error.
As a noun, the term is usually used in the [[plural]], even when it refers to a single [[event]]: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that he or she imposed a sanction, but that he or she imposed sanctions.
A [[judge]] may sanction a party during a [[legal]] proceeding, by which it is meant that he or she imposes penalties. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_courts United States federal court system], certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure Federal Rules of Civil Procedure].
Conversely and to some surprisingly, the [[word]] may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such [[behavior]]" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_%28law%29]
[[Category: Law]]
==Etymology==
Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from [[Latin]] sanction-, sanctio, from sancire to make [[holy]] (see [[sacred]])
*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century]
==Definitions==
*1 : a [[formal]] [[decree]]; especially : an ecclesiastical decree
*2 a obsolete : a [[solemn]] [[agreement]] : [[oath]]
:b : something that makes an oath binding
*3 : the detriment, loss of reward, or [[coercive]] [[intervention]] annexed to a violation of a [[law]] as a means of enforcing the law
*4 a : a [[consideration]], principle, or [[influence]] (as of conscience) that impels to [[moral]] [[action]] or determines [[moral]] [[judgment]]
:b : a [[mechanism]] of [[social]] [[control]] for enforcing a [[society]]'s [[standards]]
:c : explicit or official approval, permission, or ratification : approbation
*5 : an [[economic]] or military [[coercive]] measure adopted usually by several nations in concert for forcing a nation violating international [[law]] to desist or yield to [[adjudication]]
==Description==
'''Sanctions''' are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for [[obedience]] with the [[law]], or with rules and regulations. [[Criminal]] sanctions can take the form of serious [[punishment]], such as corporal or capital punishment, incarceration, or severe fines. Within the civil law [[context]], sanctions are usually monetary fines, levied against a party to a lawsuit or his/her attorney, for violating rules of [[procedure]], or for abusing the [[judicial]] [[process]]. The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with [[prejudice]], of a complaining party's [[cause]] of [[action]], or of the responding party's answer. This has the [[effect]] of deciding the entire action against the sanctioned party without recourse, except to the [[degree]] that an [[appeal]] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_de_novo trial de novo] may be allowed because of reversible error.
As a noun, the term is usually used in the [[plural]], even when it refers to a single [[event]]: if a judge fines a party, it is not said that he or she imposed a sanction, but that he or she imposed sanctions.
A [[judge]] may sanction a party during a [[legal]] proceeding, by which it is meant that he or she imposes penalties. In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_courts United States federal court system], certain types of conduct are sanctionable under Rule 11 of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure Federal Rules of Civil Procedure].
Conversely and to some surprisingly, the [[word]] may be used to mean "approve of," especially in an official sense. "The law sanctions such [[behavior]]" would mean that the behavior spoken of enjoys the specific approval of law.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_%28law%29]
[[Category: Law]]
