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To many earlier Greek philosophers chance did not exist. One of the surviving fragments of Leucippus says: "Nothing occurs at random, but everything for a [[reason]] and by necessity". To the atomists the world was completely [[deterministic]]. However, Democritus also claimed that chance (automaton) caused the [[original]] [[creation]] of "the [[heaven]]ly spheres and all the worlds", i.e. that [[existence]] itself has no prior or determining cause, although everything that has happened since is deterministic.
To many earlier Greek philosophers chance did not exist. One of the surviving fragments of Leucippus says: "Nothing occurs at random, but everything for a [[reason]] and by necessity". To the atomists the world was completely [[deterministic]]. However, Democritus also claimed that chance (automaton) caused the [[original]] [[creation]] of "the [[heaven]]ly spheres and all the worlds", i.e. that [[existence]] itself has no prior or determining cause, although everything that has happened since is deterministic.
To [[Aristotle]] on the other hand, both tyche (luck) and automaton (chance) are everyday [[phenomena]]. However, for Aristotle chance events were not uncaused, they were simply the effect of the concurrence of two causal sequences. Thus a stone falling that happens to hit a tree is a chance event, although the falling of the stone and the growing of the tree are both determined events.
To [[Aristotle]] on the other hand, both tyche (luck) and automaton (chance) are everyday [[phenomena]]. However, for Aristotle chance events were not uncaused, they were simply the effect of the concurrence of two causal sequences. Thus a stone falling that happens to hit a tree is a chance event, although the falling of the stone and the growing of the tree are both determined events.
<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''Determinism''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Determinism this link].</center>
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Chance''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Chance '''''this link'''''].</center>
<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''[[Probability]]''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Probability '''''this link'''''].</center>
<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of '''''Determinism''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Determinism '''''this link'''''].</center>
==Contingency==
==Contingency==
Contingency is a conditional response plan made in preparation for various future circumstances including the unanticipated.
Contingency is a conditional response plan made in preparation for various future circumstances including the unanticipated.
