Difference between revisions of "Doom"
m (Text replacement - "http://" to "https://") |
|||
| (4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] dōm; akin to Old High German tuom condition, [[state]], [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._600-1100.09THE_OLD_ENGLISH.2C_OR_ANGLO-SAXON_PERIOD Old English] dōn to do |
| − | *Date: [ | + | *Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Century before 12th century] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
| − | *1 : a [[law]] or ordinance especially in [ | + | *1 : a [[law]] or ordinance especially in [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon] England |
*2 a : [[judgment]], [[decision]]; especially : a judicial condemnation or sentence | *2 a : [[judgment]], [[decision]]; especially : a judicial condemnation or sentence | ||
:b (1) : judgment 3a (2) : judgment day 1 | :b (1) : judgment 3a (2) : judgment day 1 | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
*see [[fate]] | *see [[fate]] | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | [[Writing]] in the [ | + | [[Writing]] in the [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Century eighth century], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede Venerable Bede] comments that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelbert_of_Kent King Æthelberht], "beside all other benefits that he of [[wise]] [[policy]] bestowed upon his subjects, appointed them, with his [[council]] of wise men, [[judicial]] '''''dooms''''' according to the examples of the [[Romans]]."luxta exempla Romanorum" is the [[Latin]] phrase Bede uses here; the [[meaning]] of this [[statement]] has exercised the [[curiosity]] of historians for centuries. It was not, as with the continental Germanic tribes, that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelbert_of_Kent Æthelberht] had the [[law]] written down in [[Latin]]; rather, without precedent, he used his own [[native]] [[language]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English], to [[express]] the '''''dooms''''', or [[laws]] and [[judgement]]s, which had [[force]] in his kingdom. Some have speculated that "according to the examples of the Romans" simply meant that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelbert_of_Kent Æthelberht] had decided to cast the [[law]] in [[writing]], whereas previously it had always been a matter of [[Oral|unwritten]] [[tradition]] and [[custom]], handed down through [[generations]] through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_transmission oral transmission], and supplemented by the edicts of kings. As such, Æthelberht's [[law]] code [[constitutes]] an important break in the [[tradition]] of Anglo-Saxon law: the body of Kentish legal customs, or at least a portion of them, were now [[represented]] by a [[written]] [[statement]] - fixed, unchanging, no longer subject to the vagueries of [[memory]]. [[Law]] was now something that could be pointed to, and, significantly, [[disseminated]] with ease. |
| − | Whatever were the exact [[motives]] for making [[oral]] [[law]] into written code, [ | + | Whatever were the exact [[motives]] for making [[oral]] [[law]] into written code, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelbert_of_Kent King Æthelberht's] law code was the first of a long series of [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon] law codes that would be published in England for the next four and a half centuries. Almost without exception, every official version of royal [[law]] issued during the Anglo-Saxon period was written in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]. |
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *'''''[[Gloom]]''''' | ||
[[Category: Law]] | [[Category: Law]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:07, 13 December 2020
Etymology
Middle English, from Old English dōm; akin to Old High German tuom condition, state, Old English dōn to do
- Date: before 12th century
Definitions
- 1 : a law or ordinance especially in Anglo-Saxon England
- 2 a : judgment, decision; especially : a judicial condemnation or sentence
- b (1) : judgment 3a (2) : judgment day 1
- 3 a : destiny; especially : unhappy destiny
- b : death, ruin
Synonym
- see fate
History
Writing in the eighth century, the Venerable Bede comments that King Æthelberht, "beside all other benefits that he of wise policy bestowed upon his subjects, appointed them, with his council of wise men, judicial dooms according to the examples of the Romans."luxta exempla Romanorum" is the Latin phrase Bede uses here; the meaning of this statement has exercised the curiosity of historians for centuries. It was not, as with the continental Germanic tribes, that Æthelberht had the law written down in Latin; rather, without precedent, he used his own native language, Old English, to express the dooms, or laws and judgements, which had force in his kingdom. Some have speculated that "according to the examples of the Romans" simply meant that Æthelberht had decided to cast the law in writing, whereas previously it had always been a matter of unwritten tradition and custom, handed down through generations through oral transmission, and supplemented by the edicts of kings. As such, Æthelberht's law code constitutes an important break in the tradition of Anglo-Saxon law: the body of Kentish legal customs, or at least a portion of them, were now represented by a written statement - fixed, unchanging, no longer subject to the vagueries of memory. Law was now something that could be pointed to, and, significantly, disseminated with ease.
Whatever were the exact motives for making oral law into written code, King Æthelberht's law code was the first of a long series of Anglo-Saxon law codes that would be published in England for the next four and a half centuries. Almost without exception, every official version of royal law issued during the Anglo-Saxon period was written in Old English.
