Difference between revisions of "Nepotism"
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==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
French ''népotisme'', from Italian ''nepotismo'', from ''nepote'' nephew, from [[Latin]] ''nepot''-, ''nepos'' grandson, nephew | French ''népotisme'', from Italian ''nepotismo'', from ''nepote'' nephew, from [[Latin]] ''nepot''-, ''nepos'' grandson, nephew | ||
| − | *[ | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1670] |
| − | The term comes from Italian word ''nepotismo'', which is based on Latin root ''nepos'' meaning nephew. In the [ | + | The term comes from Italian word ''nepotismo'', which is based on Latin root ''nepos'' meaning nephew. In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages Middle Ages] some Catholic popes and bishops, who had taken [[vows]] of [[chastity]], and therefore usually had no legitimate offspring of their own, gave their nephews such positions of preference as were often accorded by [[fathers]] to son. |
| − | Several popes elevated nephews and other relatives to the [ | + | Several popes elevated nephews and other relatives to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism) cardinalate]. Often, such appointments were a means of continuing a papal "dynasty". For instance, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_III Pope Callixtus III], head of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Borgia Borgia family], made two of his nephews cardinals; one of them, Rodrigo, later used his position as a cardinal as a stepping stone to the papacy, becoming [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI Pope Alexander VI]. Alexander then elevated Alessandro Farnese, his mistress's brother, to cardinal; Farnese would later go on to become [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_III Pope Paul III]. |
| − | Paul also engaged in nepotism, appointing, for instance, two nephews, aged 14 and 16, as cardinals. The practice was finally ended when [ | + | Paul also engaged in nepotism, appointing, for instance, two nephews, aged 14 and 16, as cardinals. The practice was finally ended when [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XII Pope Innocent XII] issued the bull ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanum_decet_Pontificem Romanum decet Pontificem]'', in 1692. The papal bull prohibited popes in all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative, with the exception that one qualified relative (at most) could be made a cardinal. |
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
*1: favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on [[kinship]] | *1: favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on [[kinship]] | ||
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'''Nepotism''' is favoritism granted in [[politics]] or [[business]] to relatives. The term originated with the assignment of nephews to cardinal positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism is found in the fields of politics, [[entertainment]], business and [[religion]]. | '''Nepotism''' is favoritism granted in [[politics]] or [[business]] to relatives. The term originated with the assignment of nephews to cardinal positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism is found in the fields of politics, [[entertainment]], business and [[religion]]. | ||
| − | Nepotism at work can mean increased [[opportunity]] at a job, attaining the job or being paid more than other similarly situated people. [[Arguments]] are made both for and against employment granted due to a [[family]] connection, which is most common in small, family run businesses. On one hand, ''nepotism'' can provide [[stability]] and continuity. Critics cite studies that demonstrate decreased morale and [[commitment]] from non-related employees, and a generally [[negative]] [[attitude]] towards superior positions filled through ''nepotism''. An article from ''[ | + | Nepotism at work can mean increased [[opportunity]] at a job, attaining the job or being paid more than other similarly situated people. [[Arguments]] are made both for and against employment granted due to a [[family]] connection, which is most common in small, family run businesses. On one hand, ''nepotism'' can provide [[stability]] and continuity. Critics cite studies that demonstrate decreased morale and [[commitment]] from non-related employees, and a generally [[negative]] [[attitude]] towards superior positions filled through ''nepotism''. An article from ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes Forbes]]'' magazine stated "there is no ladder to climb when the top rung is reserved for people with a certain name." |
[[Category: Politics]] | [[Category: Politics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:27, 13 December 2020
Origin
French népotisme, from Italian nepotismo, from nepote nephew, from Latin nepot-, nepos grandson, nephew
The term comes from Italian word nepotismo, which is based on Latin root nepos meaning nephew. In the Middle Ages some Catholic popes and bishops, who had taken vows of chastity, and therefore usually had no legitimate offspring of their own, gave their nephews such positions of preference as were often accorded by fathers to son.
Several popes elevated nephews and other relatives to the cardinalate. Often, such appointments were a means of continuing a papal "dynasty". For instance, Pope Callixtus III, head of the Borgia family, made two of his nephews cardinals; one of them, Rodrigo, later used his position as a cardinal as a stepping stone to the papacy, becoming Pope Alexander VI. Alexander then elevated Alessandro Farnese, his mistress's brother, to cardinal; Farnese would later go on to become Pope Paul III.
Paul also engaged in nepotism, appointing, for instance, two nephews, aged 14 and 16, as cardinals. The practice was finally ended when Pope Innocent XII issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem, in 1692. The papal bull prohibited popes in all times from bestowing estates, offices, or revenues on any relative, with the exception that one qualified relative (at most) could be made a cardinal.
Definition
- 1: favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on kinship
Description
Nepotism is favoritism granted in politics or business to relatives. The term originated with the assignment of nephews to cardinal positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism is found in the fields of politics, entertainment, business and religion.
Nepotism at work can mean increased opportunity at a job, attaining the job or being paid more than other similarly situated people. Arguments are made both for and against employment granted due to a family connection, which is most common in small, family run businesses. On one hand, nepotism can provide stability and continuity. Critics cite studies that demonstrate decreased morale and commitment from non-related employees, and a generally negative attitude towards superior positions filled through nepotism. An article from Forbes] magazine stated "there is no ladder to climb when the top rung is reserved for people with a certain name."
