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==Definition==
*1: the [[business]] of inducing the [[public]] to have [[understanding]] for and goodwill toward a person, firm, or [[institution]]; also : the degree of understanding and goodwill [[achieved]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1807]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Lee Ivy Lee] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays Edward Louis Bernays] established the first [[definition]] of public relations in the early 1900s as follows: "a [[management]] [[function]], which tabulates public [[attitudes]], defines the [[policies]], [[procedures]], and interests of an [[organization]]... followed by executing a program of action to earn public [[understanding]] and [[acceptance]]."
==Description==
'''Public relations''' (PR) is the [[practice]] of managing the spread of [[information]] between an [[individual]] or an [[organization]] and the [[public]]. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their [[audiences]] using [[topics]] of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The aim of public relations by a company often is to [[persuade]] the public, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its [[leadership]], products, or of political [[decisions]]. Common activities include speaking at conferences, winning industry awards, working with the press, and employee communication.
Most textbooks consider the establishment of the Publicity Bureau in 1900 to be the founding of the public relations [[profession]]. However [[academics]] have found early forms of public [[influence]] and [[communications]] management in [[ancient]] civilizations, during the settling of the New World and during the movement to abolish [[slavery]] in England. Basil Clark is considered the founder of public relations in the United Kingdom for his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924, though academic Noel Turnball believes PR was founded in Britain first by evangelicals and Victorian reformers.
[[Propaganda]] was used by the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and others to rally for domestic [[support]] and demonize enemies during the World Wars, which led to more sophisticated commercial publicity efforts as public relations [[talent]] entered the [[private]] sector. Most historians believe public relations became established first in the US by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Lee Ivy Lee] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays Edward Bernays], then spread internationally. Many American companies with PR departments spread the practice to Europe when they created European subsidiaries as a result of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_plan Marshall plan].
The second half of the 1900s is considered the [[professional]] development building era of public relations. Trade associations, PR news magazines, international PR agencies, and academic [[principles]] for the profession were established. In the early 2000s, press release services began offering social media press releases. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cluetrain_Manifesto Cluetrain Manifesto], which predicted the impact of social media in 1999, was [[controversial]] in its time, but by 2006, the effect of social media and new [[internet]] technologies became broadly [[accepted]].
The field of public relations is generally highly un-regulated, but many professionals [[voluntarily]] adhere to the code of conduct of one or more professional bodies to avoid exposure for [[ethical]] violations. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Public_Relations Chartered Institute of Public Relations], the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Relations_Society_of_America Public Relations Society of America] and The Institute of Public Relations are a few organizations that publish an ethical code. Still, Edelman's 2003 semi-annual trust survey found that only 20 percent of survey respondents from the public believed paid communicators within a company were credible.
[[Category: Economics]]
[[Category: Psychology]]
==Definition==
*1: the [[business]] of inducing the [[public]] to have [[understanding]] for and goodwill toward a person, firm, or [[institution]]; also : the degree of understanding and goodwill [[achieved]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1807]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Lee Ivy Lee] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays Edward Louis Bernays] established the first [[definition]] of public relations in the early 1900s as follows: "a [[management]] [[function]], which tabulates public [[attitudes]], defines the [[policies]], [[procedures]], and interests of an [[organization]]... followed by executing a program of action to earn public [[understanding]] and [[acceptance]]."
==Description==
'''Public relations''' (PR) is the [[practice]] of managing the spread of [[information]] between an [[individual]] or an [[organization]] and the [[public]]. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their [[audiences]] using [[topics]] of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The aim of public relations by a company often is to [[persuade]] the public, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its [[leadership]], products, or of political [[decisions]]. Common activities include speaking at conferences, winning industry awards, working with the press, and employee communication.
Most textbooks consider the establishment of the Publicity Bureau in 1900 to be the founding of the public relations [[profession]]. However [[academics]] have found early forms of public [[influence]] and [[communications]] management in [[ancient]] civilizations, during the settling of the New World and during the movement to abolish [[slavery]] in England. Basil Clark is considered the founder of public relations in the United Kingdom for his establishment of Editorial Services in 1924, though academic Noel Turnball believes PR was founded in Britain first by evangelicals and Victorian reformers.
[[Propaganda]] was used by the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and others to rally for domestic [[support]] and demonize enemies during the World Wars, which led to more sophisticated commercial publicity efforts as public relations [[talent]] entered the [[private]] sector. Most historians believe public relations became established first in the US by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Lee Ivy Lee] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays Edward Bernays], then spread internationally. Many American companies with PR departments spread the practice to Europe when they created European subsidiaries as a result of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_plan Marshall plan].
The second half of the 1900s is considered the [[professional]] development building era of public relations. Trade associations, PR news magazines, international PR agencies, and academic [[principles]] for the profession were established. In the early 2000s, press release services began offering social media press releases. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cluetrain_Manifesto Cluetrain Manifesto], which predicted the impact of social media in 1999, was [[controversial]] in its time, but by 2006, the effect of social media and new [[internet]] technologies became broadly [[accepted]].
The field of public relations is generally highly un-regulated, but many professionals [[voluntarily]] adhere to the code of conduct of one or more professional bodies to avoid exposure for [[ethical]] violations. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Public_Relations Chartered Institute of Public Relations], the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Relations_Society_of_America Public Relations Society of America] and The Institute of Public Relations are a few organizations that publish an ethical code. Still, Edelman's 2003 semi-annual trust survey found that only 20 percent of survey respondents from the public believed paid communicators within a company were credible.
[[Category: Economics]]
[[Category: Psychology]]