Difference between revisions of "Bias"
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==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
French ''biais'' , in 14th cent. ‘oblique, obliquity’. Also Sardinian ''biasciu'' , Italian ''s-biescio'' awry | French ''biais'' , in 14th cent. ‘oblique, obliquity’. Also Sardinian ''biasciu'' , Italian ''s-biescio'' awry | ||
| − | *[ | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1530] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1: a line [[diagonal]] to the grain of a fabric; especially : a line at a 45 degree angle to the selvage often utilized in the cutting of garments for smoother fit | *1: a line [[diagonal]] to the grain of a fabric; especially : a line at a 45 degree angle to the selvage often utilized in the cutting of garments for smoother fit | ||
| − | *2a : a peculiarity in the [[shape]] of a bowl that causes it to swerve when rolled on [ | + | *2a : a peculiarity in the [[shape]] of a bowl that causes it to swerve when rolled on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_green the green in lawn bowling] |
:b : the tendency of a bowl to swerve; also : the [[impulse]] causing this tendency | :b : the tendency of a bowl to swerve; also : the [[impulse]] causing this tendency | ||
:c : the swerve of the bowl | :c : the swerve of the bowl | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
'''Bias''' is an inclination to present or hold a partial [[perspective]] at the expense of (possibly equally valid) alternatives. Bias can come in many forms. | '''Bias''' is an inclination to present or hold a partial [[perspective]] at the expense of (possibly equally valid) alternatives. Bias can come in many forms. | ||
| − | A ''cognitive bias'' is the human [[tendency]] to make systematic [[decisions]] in certain circumstances based on [[cognitive]] factors rather than [[evidence]]. Such biases can result from [[information]]-processing shortcuts called [ | + | A ''cognitive bias'' is the human [[tendency]] to make systematic [[decisions]] in certain circumstances based on [[cognitive]] factors rather than [[evidence]]. Such biases can result from [[information]]-processing shortcuts called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristics heuristics]. They include [[errors]] in [[judgment]], social attribution, and [[memory]]. Cognitive biases are a common outcome of human [[thought]], and often drastically skew the reliability of anecdotal and [[legal]] [[evidence]]. It is a [[phenomenon]] studied in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science cognitive science] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology social psychology]. |
[[Category: Psychology]] | [[Category: Psychology]] | ||
[[Category: Philosophy]] | [[Category: Philosophy]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:41, 12 December 2020
Origin
French biais , in 14th cent. ‘oblique, obliquity’. Also Sardinian biasciu , Italian s-biescio awry
Definitions
- 1: a line diagonal to the grain of a fabric; especially : a line at a 45 degree angle to the selvage often utilized in the cutting of garments for smoother fit
- 2a : a peculiarity in the shape of a bowl that causes it to swerve when rolled on the green in lawn bowling
- b : the tendency of a bowl to swerve; also : the impulse causing this tendency
- c : the swerve of the bowl
- 3a : bent, tendency
- b : an inclination of temperament or outlook; especially : a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment : prejudice
- c : an instance of such prejudice
- d (1) : deviation of the expected value of a statistical estimate from the quantity it estimates (2) : systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others
- 4a : a voltage applied to a device (as a transistor control electrode) to establish a reference level for operation
- b : a high-frequency voltage combined with an audio signal to reduce distortion in tape recording
Description
Bias is an inclination to present or hold a partial perspective at the expense of (possibly equally valid) alternatives. Bias can come in many forms.
A cognitive bias is the human tendency to make systematic decisions in certain circumstances based on cognitive factors rather than evidence. Such biases can result from information-processing shortcuts called heuristics. They include errors in judgment, social attribution, and memory. Cognitive biases are a common outcome of human thought, and often drastically skew the reliability of anecdotal and legal evidence. It is a phenomenon studied in cognitive science and social psychology.
