Difference between revisions of "Infamy"
m (Text replacement - "http://" to "https://") |
|||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
French infâme (1356 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < [[Latin]] infām-is of ill [[fame]], infamous, < in- (in- prefix3) + fāma fame, [[report]] | French infâme (1356 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < [[Latin]] infām-is of ill [[fame]], infamous, < in- (in- prefix3) + fāma fame, [[report]] | ||
| − | *[ | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century 15th Century] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1: [[evil]] reputation brought about by something grossly [[criminal]], [[shocking]], or brutal | *1: [[evil]] reputation brought about by something grossly [[criminal]], [[shocking]], or brutal | ||
*2a : an [[extreme]] and publicly known [[criminal]] or [[evil]] [[act]] | *2a : an [[extreme]] and publicly known [[criminal]] or [[evil]] [[act]] | ||
| − | :b : the [[state]] of [[being]] [ | + | :b : the [[state]] of [[being]] [https://oed.com/view/Entry/95198#eid570175 infamous] |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
'''Infamy''', in common usage, is notoriety gained from a [[negative]] incident or reputation (as opposed to [[fame]]). The [[word]] stems from the [[Latin]] infamia, antonym of fama (fame). | '''Infamy''', in common usage, is notoriety gained from a [[negative]] incident or reputation (as opposed to [[fame]]). The [[word]] stems from the [[Latin]] infamia, antonym of fama (fame). | ||
| − | Infamy is a term of art in Roman Catholic [ | + | Infamy is a term of art in Roman Catholic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Law Canon Law]. The remainder of this article discusses infamy as defined by Canon Law. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913, infamy in the canonical sense is defined as the [[privation]] or lessening of one's [[good]] [[name]] as the result of the bad rating which he has, even among prudent men. It constitutes an irregularity, i.e. a canonical impediment which prevents one being [[ordained]] or exercising such orders as he may have already [[received]]. |
There are two types of infamy, infamy of law (infamia juris) and infamy of fact (infamia facti). | There are two types of infamy, infamy of law (infamia juris) and infamy of fact (infamia facti). | ||
==Infamy of law== | ==Infamy of law== | ||
| − | ''Infamy of law'' is contracted in one of [[three]] ways. Either the law itself attaches this [[juridical]] ineligibility and incapacity to the [[commission]] of certain [[crimes]], or makes it [[contingent]] upon the [[decision]] of a [[judge]], or finally connects it with the penalty imposed by him. This kind of infamy is incurred chiefly by those [[guilty]] of duelling (whether as principals or seconds), [[rape]] (as likewise those who [[co-operate]] in it), attempt to [[marry]] during the lifetime of the actual consort, [[heresy]], real simony, etc. Infamy of law may be removed either by canonical purging or by application to the [ | + | ''Infamy of law'' is contracted in one of [[three]] ways. Either the law itself attaches this [[juridical]] ineligibility and incapacity to the [[commission]] of certain [[crimes]], or makes it [[contingent]] upon the [[decision]] of a [[judge]], or finally connects it with the penalty imposed by him. This kind of infamy is incurred chiefly by those [[guilty]] of duelling (whether as principals or seconds), [[rape]] (as likewise those who [[co-operate]] in it), attempt to [[marry]] during the lifetime of the actual consort, [[heresy]], real simony, etc. Infamy of law may be removed either by canonical purging or by application to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See Holy See]. |
==Infamy of fact== | ==Infamy of fact== | ||
''Infamy of fact'' is the result of a widespread [[opinion]], by which the [[community]] attributes some unusually serious delinquency, such as [[adultery]] or the like, to a [[person]]. This is more of an unfitness than an irregularity properly so called, unless sentence in [[court]] has been pronounced. It ceases therefore when one has shown by a [[change]] of life extending over a period of two or probably three years that his [[repentance]] is [[sincere]]. | ''Infamy of fact'' is the result of a widespread [[opinion]], by which the [[community]] attributes some unusually serious delinquency, such as [[adultery]] or the like, to a [[person]]. This is more of an unfitness than an irregularity properly so called, unless sentence in [[court]] has been pronounced. It ceases therefore when one has shown by a [[change]] of life extending over a period of two or probably three years that his [[repentance]] is [[sincere]]. | ||
| − | A [[crime]] consisting in [[acts]] which [[society]] not only forbids but also considers as highly immoral and particularly dishonoring, as defined (variously) in certain [[legal]] systems, as in Poland; in its [[origin]], in [ | + | A [[crime]] consisting in [[acts]] which [[society]] not only forbids but also considers as highly immoral and particularly dishonoring, as defined (variously) in certain [[legal]] systems, as in Poland; in its [[origin]], in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire Ancient Rome], infamia was the mark of disapproval of the [[censors]] on [[moral]] grounds - often such 'legal immorality' is largely defined according to the [[state]] - or de facto [[dominant]] [[religion]]. |
| − | In the [ | + | In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth] infamy (infamia) was a more severe form of [[exile]] sentence. A [[noble]] who has been sentenced to infamy, known as ''infamis'' lost the protection of the [[law]] and there was a reward for his [[death]] (this was similar to the common law concept of outlawry). In addition, an [[exiled]] [[noble]] (''banita'') who killed an infamed one could [[expect]] his [[exile]] sentence to be revoked. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | 1. ^ "[ | + | 1. ^ "[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08001a.htm Infamy]". Catholic Encyclopedia. |
[[Category: Law]] | [[Category: Law]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:56, 12 December 2020
Origin
French infâme (1356 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < Latin infām-is of ill fame, infamous, < in- (in- prefix3) + fāma fame, report
Definitions
- 1: evil reputation brought about by something grossly criminal, shocking, or brutal
- 2a : an extreme and publicly known criminal or evil act
Description
Infamy, in common usage, is notoriety gained from a negative incident or reputation (as opposed to fame). The word stems from the Latin infamia, antonym of fama (fame).
Infamy is a term of art in Roman Catholic Canon Law. The remainder of this article discusses infamy as defined by Canon Law. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913, infamy in the canonical sense is defined as the privation or lessening of one's good name as the result of the bad rating which he has, even among prudent men. It constitutes an irregularity, i.e. a canonical impediment which prevents one being ordained or exercising such orders as he may have already received.
There are two types of infamy, infamy of law (infamia juris) and infamy of fact (infamia facti).
Infamy of law
Infamy of law is contracted in one of three ways. Either the law itself attaches this juridical ineligibility and incapacity to the commission of certain crimes, or makes it contingent upon the decision of a judge, or finally connects it with the penalty imposed by him. This kind of infamy is incurred chiefly by those guilty of duelling (whether as principals or seconds), rape (as likewise those who co-operate in it), attempt to marry during the lifetime of the actual consort, heresy, real simony, etc. Infamy of law may be removed either by canonical purging or by application to the Holy See.
Infamy of fact
Infamy of fact is the result of a widespread opinion, by which the community attributes some unusually serious delinquency, such as adultery or the like, to a person. This is more of an unfitness than an irregularity properly so called, unless sentence in court has been pronounced. It ceases therefore when one has shown by a change of life extending over a period of two or probably three years that his repentance is sincere.
A crime consisting in acts which society not only forbids but also considers as highly immoral and particularly dishonoring, as defined (variously) in certain legal systems, as in Poland; in its origin, in Ancient Rome, infamia was the mark of disapproval of the censors on moral grounds - often such 'legal immorality' is largely defined according to the state - or de facto dominant religion.
In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth infamy (infamia) was a more severe form of exile sentence. A noble who has been sentenced to infamy, known as infamis lost the protection of the law and there was a reward for his death (this was similar to the common law concept of outlawry). In addition, an exiled noble (banita) who killed an infamed one could expect his exile sentence to be revoked.
References
1. ^ "Infamy". Catholic Encyclopedia.
