Difference between revisions of "Romanticism"
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==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
| − | *1often capitalized :a (1) : a literary, artistic, and philosophical [[movement]] originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a [[reaction]] against [ | + | *1often capitalized :a (1) : a literary, artistic, and philosophical [[movement]] originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a [[reaction]] against [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassicism neoclassicism] and an emphasis on the [[imagination]] and [[emotions]], and marked especially in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature English literature] by sensibility and the use of [[autobiographical]] material, an exaltation of the [[primitive]] and the common man, an appreciation of external [[nature]], an interest in the remote, a predilection for [[melancholy]], and the use in [[poetry]] of older verse forms (2) : an aspect of romanticism |
:b : adherence to a romantic [[attitude]] or style | :b : adherence to a romantic [[attitude]] or style | ||
*2: the [[quality]] or state of being romantic | *2: the [[quality]] or state of being romantic | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | '''Romanticism''' (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, [[literary]], and [[intellectual]] [[movement]] that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the [ | + | '''Romanticism''' (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, [[literary]], and [[intellectual]] [[movement]] that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolution Industrial Revolution], it was also a revolt against [[aristocratic]] social and [[political]] norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific [[rationalization]] of [[nature]]. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, [[music]], and [[literature]], but had a major impact on historiography, [[education]] and the [[natural sciences]]. Its effect on [[politics]] was considerable and [[complex]]; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with [[liberalism]] and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the [[growth]] of [[nationalism]] was probably more significant. |
| − | The [[movement]] validated strong [[emotion]] as an authentic source of [[aesthetic]] [[experience]], placing new emphasis on such emotions as [[apprehension]], [[horror]] and [[terror]], and [[awe]]—especially that which is experienced in confronting the [[sublimity]] of untamed [[nature]] and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and [[ancient]] [[custom]] to something [[noble]], made [[spontaneity]] a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" [[epistemology]] of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage. Romanticism reached beyond the [[rational]] and [ | + | The [[movement]] validated strong [[emotion]] as an authentic source of [[aesthetic]] [[experience]], placing new emphasis on such emotions as [[apprehension]], [[horror]] and [[terror]], and [[awe]]—especially that which is experienced in confronting the [[sublimity]] of untamed [[nature]] and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and [[ancient]] [[custom]] to something [[noble]], made [[spontaneity]] a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" [[epistemology]] of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage. Romanticism reached beyond the [[rational]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classicism Classicist] [[ideal]] models to elevate a revived [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medievalism medievalism] and elements of art and [[narrative]] perceived to be authentically medieval in an attempt to [[escape]] the confines of [[population]] growth, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl urban sprawl], and industrialism, and it also attempted to [[embrace]] the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococo Rococo] ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinoiserie chinoiserie]'', harnessing the [[power]] of the imagination to envision and to [[escape]]. |
| − | Although the [[movement]] was rooted in the German [ | + | Although the [[movement]] was rooted in the German [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang Sturm und Drang] movement, which prized [[intuition]] and [[emotion]] over Enlightenment rationalism, the [[ideologies]] and events of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution French Revolution] laid the background from which both Romanticism and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment Counter-Enlightenment] emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their [[influence]] on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from [[modern]] realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts) Realism]" was offered as a [[polarized]] opposite to Romanticism. Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as [[heroic]] individualists and artists, whose [[pioneering]] examples would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual [[imagination]] as a critical [[authority]], which permitted [[freedom]] from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural [[inevitability]], a [[Zeitgeist]], in the [[representation]] of its [[ideas]]. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*'''''[[Romance]]''''' | *'''''[[Romance]]''''' | ||
Latest revision as of 02:37, 13 December 2020
Definitions
- 1often capitalized :a (1) : a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions, and marked especially in English literature by sensibility and the use of autobiographical material, an exaltation of the primitive and the common man, an appreciation of external nature, an interest in the remote, a predilection for melancholy, and the use in poetry of older verse forms (2) : an aspect of romanticism
- b : adherence to a romantic attitude or style
- 2: the quality or state of being romantic
Description
Romanticism (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and the natural sciences. Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant.
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, made spontaneity a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu), and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage. Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than Rococo chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
Although the movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which both Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism. Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as heroic individualists and artists, whose pioneering examples would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority, which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability, a Zeitgeist, in the representation of its ideas.
