Difference between revisions of "Charged"
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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French, from charger | [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French, from charger | ||
− | *Date: [ | + | *Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Century 13th century] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1 a obsolete : a [[material]] load or [[weight]] | *1 a obsolete : a [[material]] load or [[weight]] | ||
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— in charge : having [[control]] or custody of something <he is in charge of the training program> | — in charge : having [[control]] or custody of something <he is in charge of the training program> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
− | [[Electric]] '''charge''' is a [[fundamental]] conserved property of some subatomic [[particles]], which [[determines]] their [[electromagnetic]] [[interaction]]. Electrically charged [[matter]] is [[influenced]] by, and produces, [ | + | [[Electric]] '''charge''' is a [[fundamental]] conserved property of some subatomic [[particles]], which [[determines]] their [[electromagnetic]] [[interaction]]. Electrically charged [[matter]] is [[influenced]] by, and produces, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field electromagnetic fields]. The [[interaction]] between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the [[source]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_force electromagnetic force], which is one of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction four fundamental forces]. |
− | The [[electric]] charge on a [[body]] may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies [[experience]] a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an [[attractive]] [[force]]. The [[study]] of how charged bodies [[interact]] is [ | + | The [[electric]] charge on a [[body]] may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies [[experience]] a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an [[attractive]] [[force]]. The [[study]] of how charged bodies [[interact]] is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_electrodynamics classical electrodynamics], which is accurate insofar as [[quantum]] effects can be ignored. |
− | Twentieth-century [[experiments]] [[demonstrated]] that [[electric]] charge is [ | + | Twentieth-century [[experiments]] [[demonstrated]] that [[electric]] charge is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(physics) quantized]: the charge of any [[system]], [[body]], or [[particle]] (except [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarks quarks]) is an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer integer] multiple of the elementary charge, e, approximately [[equal]] to 1.602×10−19 coulombs. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton proton] has a charge of e, and the [[electron]] has a charge of −e. The [[study]] of charged [[particles]], and how their [[interactions]] are mediated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photons photons], is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum _electrodynamics quantum electrodynamics]. |
[[Category: Physics]] | [[Category: Physics]] |
Latest revision as of 23:43, 12 December 2020
Etymology
Middle English, from Anglo-French, from charger
- Date: 13th century
Definitions
- b : a figure borne on a heraldic field
- 2 a : the quantity that an apparatus is intended to receive and fitted to hold
- b : the quantity of explosive used in a single discharge
- c : a store or accumulation of impelling force <the deeply emotional charge of the drama>
- d : a definite quantity of electricity; especially : an excess or deficiency of electrons in a body
- e : thrill, kick <got a charge out of the game>
- 3 a : obligation, requirement
- b : management, supervision <has charge of the home office>
- c : the ecclesiastical jurisdiction (as a parish) committed to a clergyman
- d : a person or thing committed to the care of another
- 4 a : instruction, command
- 5 a : expense, cost <gave the banquet at his own charge>
- b : the price demanded for something <no admission charge>
- c : a debit to an account <the purchase was a charge>
- d : the record of a loan (as of a book from a library)
- e British : an interest in property granted as security for a loan
- 6 a : a formal assertion of illegality <a charge of murder>
- b : a statement of complaint or hostile criticism <denied the charges of nepotism that were leveled against him>
- 7 a (1) : a violent rush forward (as to attack) <the charge of the brigade> (2) : the signal for attack <sound the charge>
- b : a usually illegal rush into an opponent in various sports (as basketball)
— in charge : having control or custody of something <he is in charge of the training program>
Description
Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental forces.
The electric charge on a body may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an attractive force. The study of how charged bodies interact is classical electrodynamics, which is accurate insofar as quantum effects can be ignored.
Twentieth-century experiments demonstrated that electric charge is quantized: the charge of any system, body, or particle (except quarks) is an integer multiple of the elementary charge, e, approximately equal to 1.602×10−19 coulombs. The proton has a charge of e, and the electron has a charge of −e. The study of charged particles, and how their interactions are mediated by photons, is _electrodynamics quantum electrodynamics.