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...Z, this three-volume encyclopedia covers topics as diverse as adolescence, cognitive development, education, family, [[gender]] differences, [[identity]], longi [[Category: Psychology]]

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Cropped-ideology-psychology-and-law2.jpg|right|frame]] ...itive science] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology social psychology].

...nce|applied]] field involving the study of behavior and mental processes. Psychology also refers to the application of such [[knowledge]] to various spheres of ...e a lot of cross-fertilization that takes place among the various fields. Psychology differs from [[biology]] and [[neuroscience]] in that it is primarily conce

*1: cognitive mental [[processes]]; also : a product of these processes ...used generally to signify the process of thought. In [[psychology]] and [[cognitive science]] it refers to [[information]] processing by an individual's mindal

Disorientation is the opposite of orientation. It is a [[cognitive]] disability in which the [[senses]] of [[time]], [[navigation|direction]], ...Interface windowing Modes and Individual Differences on Disorientation and Cognitive Load in Hypermedia Learning Environments. Un published doctoral dissertatio

==Psychology== '''Self-knowledge''' is a term used in [[psychology]] to [[describe]] the [[information]] that an [[individual]] draws upon whe

...] one holds or between one's [[actions]] and one's [[beliefs]] — compare [[cognitive]] dissonance ...]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology_(psychology) social psychology].

...s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_construct_psychology personal construct psychology], developed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Kelly_(psychologist) G ...se, hostility is a [[response]] that forms part of discounting of unwanted cognitive [[dissonance]].

In [[psychology]], '''avoidance''' coping, or [[escape]] coping, is a kind of generally mal ...iding the problem entirely and leading to avoidance coping whether it be [[cognitive]] or [[behavioral]].

...rtsighted'''", respectively) have been used [[metaphorically]] to refer to cognitive [[thinking]] and [[decision]] making that is narrow in scope or lacking in [[Category: Psychology]]

...on, C.D. (Eds.). Interpersonal Sensitivity: Entering Others' Worlds. Hove: Psychology Press. ...empathy: effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 42-58.

* Informal and [[psychology]] - used in reference to a qualitative of [[cognitive]] faculties and adjudicational capabilities of particular [[individuals]], In formulating [[cognition|cognitive]] judgments, a formal [[process]] of evaluation applies. A judgment may be

...s of the [[mind]], along with the affective and cognitive. In short, the [[cognitive]] part of the [[brain]] measures [[intelligence]], the affective deals with ...ental states seem capable of triggering [[action]], while others—such as [[cognitive]] states—apparently have a more subordinate role [in terms of [[motivatio

...oreover, a series of recent [[studies]] showed that self-awareness about [[cognitive]] [[processes]] participates in general [[intelligence]] on a par with proc [[Category: Psychology]]

...f [[study]] had begun to [[recognize]] the importance of the [[Emotion|non-cognitive]] aspects. For instance, as early as 1920, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E ...]], such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQ IQ], fail to fully explain [[cognitive]] [[ability]]. Thus, even though the names given to the [[concept]] varied,

...by many [[personal]] [[development]] experts, [[behavior]] therapists, and cognitive behavioral therapists. Assertiveness is often linked to [[self-esteem]]. Th According to the textbook ''Cognitive Behavior Therapy'' (2008), "Assertive [[communication]] of [[personal]] [[o

...staltism is often opposed to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism_(psychology) structuralism]. The phrase "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts ...ept]] of gestalt was first introduced in contemporary [[philosophy]] and [[psychology]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_von_Ehrenfels Christian von E

...ral]]—that interact to serve as the backbone of the attitudinal model. The cognitive element encompasses all the [[information]] the individual has about a part ...s evaluation with physical or verbal behavior. Therefore, the study of the cognitive and the affective components was regarded as relevant because of their expe

It thus includes the cognitive processes, and is the source of all real [[knowledge]]. Various attempts ha [[Category: Psychology]]

...velopment]]. One frequently cited example of a[[synchronicity]] in early [[cognitive]] [[development]] is [[Albert Einstein]], who did not speak until the age o In regards to this [[fact]], [[psychologist]] and [[cognitive scientist]] [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker Steven Pinker] th

...] and other forms of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_psychology depth psychology], the '''psyche''' (pronounced [ˈsaɪki]) refers to the [[forces]] in an [ ...on the other hand, as used in the [[technical]] terminology of analytical psychology, is more restricted in [[meaning]] and refers to a "function complex" or pa

...soir Max Dessoir], and originates from ''para'' meaning "alongside", and [[psychology]]. The term was adopted by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.B._Rhine J.B. R ...private [[institutions]] and [[universities]]. Privately funded units in [[psychology]] departments at universities in the United Kingdom are among the most acti

...cism, and other linguistic theories have increasingly gained popularity; [[cognitive linguistics]] is a prominent example. There are many sub-fields in linguist ...iences is highly interdisciplinary and draws on work from such fields as [[psychology]], [[informatics]], [[computer science]], [[philosophy]], [[biology]], [[hu

...ised classification and unsupervised classification, and in psychology and cognitive science as concept learning and category formation. In the philosophy of [[ [[Category: Psychology]]

==Psychology== In [[psychology]], theories of mental [[phenomena]] can propose discrete differences betwee

...[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget Jean Piaget]'s 1951 theory of [[cognitive]] development. ''Egocentrism'' refers to an inability to differentiate betw [[Category: Psychology]]

...ding psychiatry, clinical [[psychology]], clinical social work, counseling psychology, mental health counseling, clinical or psychiatric social work, [[marriage] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy Cognitive behavioral] - generally seeks to identify maladaptive [[cognition]], apprai

...cessarily justify. For this reason, it has been the subject of study in [[psychology]], as well as a topic of interest in the [[supernatural]]. ...hp?title=Modern_Philosophy Immanuel Kant], intuition is one of the basic [[cognitive]] faculties, equivalent to what might loosely be called [[perception]]. Kan

...hanism]] used to avoid [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance cognitive dissonance], or the mental discomfort and [[anxiety]] caused by a person ha [[Category: Psychology]]

...s of Psychology'' (1890), and [[Sigmund Freud]]'s Project for a Scientific Psychology (composed 1895). The first rule of neuronal learning was described by [http ...each conscious [[awareness]] is not completely [[understood]]. [[Cognition|Cognitive]] [[processes]] that characterize [[human]] [[intelligence]] are mainly asc

Most psychologists regard wisdom as distinct from the cognitive abilities measured by standardized [[intelligence]] tests. Wisdom is often *[https://www.path-work.info Atlas of Wisdom: Wisdom in Psychology and Spirituality]

...g meets the criteria for mild [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(psychology) dissociation]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams Freudian psychology] [[interpreted]] ''daydreaming'' as [[expression]] of the repressed [[insti

...hed cognitive science programs, and many others have instituted courses in cognitive science. ...six thinkers mentioned in this paragraph can be viewed as the founders of cognitive science.

...umption is that there are physiological illusions that occur naturally and cognitive illusions that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that say somet # Solso, R. L. (2001). Cognitive psychology (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-30937-2

...appearing before [[adulthood]], characterized by significantly impaired [[cognitive]] functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive [[behaviors]]. It has hi [[Category: Psychology]]

'''Perfectionism''', in [[psychology]], is a [[personality]] disposition characterized by an [[individual]] stri ...s of [[procrastination]] than non-perfectionists. In the field of positive psychology, an [[adaptive]] and [[healthy]] variation of perfectionism is referred to

'''Decision''' making can be regarded as the [[mental]] processes (cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a [[course]] of [[action]] among sev ...and [[values]] they seek. From a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive cognitive] perspective, the decision making process must be regarded as a continuous

...ience cognitive neuroscience], an interdisciplinary link between cognitive psychology and neuroscience. [[Category: Psychology]]

...e has competing goals that [[interfere]] with one another, it can create [[cognitive]] dissonance. External causes of frustration involve conditions outside an [[Category: Psychology]]

In evolutionary [[psychology]] and in cognitive [[neuroscience]], patience is studied as a [[decision]]-making problem, inv

...01). Social cognitive theory: An agentic [[perspective]]. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26.

In [[psychology]], '''self-esteem''' reflects a person's overall evaluation or appraisal of Implicit self-esteem is assessed using indirect measures of cognitive processing. These include the Name Letter Task and the Implicit Association

A discipline that examines at the [[material]], [[cognitive]], and [[social]] aspects of [[human]] [[language]]. ====[[Psychology]][https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Psychology]====

...appearing before [[adulthood]], characterized by significantly impaired [[cognitive]] functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive [[behaviors]]. It has hi In early [[childhood]], mild mental retardation (IQ 50–69, a cognitive ability about half to two-thirds of standard) may not be obvious, and may n

...n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-efficacy self-efficacy] [2], and Ryan and Deci's cognitive evaluation theory. Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if the ...f-Regulation: Reminders and Suggestions from Personality Science", Applied Psychology: An International Review 55 (3): 333-385, doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.0026

In [[psychology]] and the [[cognitive science]]s, '''perception''' is the process of attaining awareness or under Perception gives rise to two types of [[consciousness]]; [[phenomena]]l and [[psychology|psychological]]. The [[difference]] everybody can demonstrate to himself/he

...an interdisciplinary science that involves other [[disciplines]] such as [[psychology]], [[computer science]], [[statistics]], [[physics]], [[philosophy]], and [ ..., ranging from molecular level to cellular level to [[systems]] level to [[cognitive]] level.

...e's [[soul]]. It can also be called ''[[contemplation]]'' of one's [[self (psychology)|self]], and is contrasted with [[extrospection]], the observation of thing ...on measurable behavior rather than consciousness or sensation. [[Cognitive psychology]] accepts the use of the scientific method, but rejects introspection as a

...m]] focus of psychological [[research]]. [4] The study of gratitude within psychology has focused on the understanding of the short term experience of the emotio ...a human strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 56-69

*[[Cyril Burt]]: "...innate general cognitive ability." *[[Linda Gottfredson]]: "... the ability to deal with cognitive complexity."

...perspectives afforded by the disciplines of cognitive science, philosophy, psychology, physics, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. ...ntext of our everyday lives. Broad mix of subjects ranging from cosmology, psychology, lifestyle, and work. Demonstrates how modern living requires a synthesis o

...phases regarding the child's object relations. [[Jean Piaget]]'s theory of cognitive development to describe how children reason and interact with their surroun ...Identity Formation Process and Career Development''. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1989.

...tribution theory, Bandura's work on self-efficacy [2], and Ryan and Deci's cognitive evaluation theory. Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if the [[Category: Psychology]]

...the visual system, and are the focus of much research in [[psychology]], [[cognitive science]], [[neuroscience]] and [[molecular biology]]. ...rder to prove this. He pioneered the [[Science|scientific]] study of the [[psychology]] of visual perception, being the first scientist to argue that vision occu

...and national differences in character, on the basis of associationistic [[psychology]]. This use of the [[word]] was never adopted.) ==Differences and similarities with comparative psychology==

...usness" (Lajoie and Shapiro, 1992:91). Issues considered in transpersonal psychology include spiritual self-development, peak or [[mysticism|mystical experience ...d aspects of the spiritual and transpersonal in their work, transpersonal psychology for the most part has been overlooked by psychologists who are focused on t

'''Analogy''' is both the cognitive process of transferring [[information]] from a particular subject (the anal ...[[resemblance]], and [[similarity]] are closely related to analogy. In [[cognitive linguistics]], the notion of [[conceptual metaphor]] may be equivalent to t

In general, psychodynamics, also known as dynamic psychology, is the study of the interrelationship of various parts of the [[mind]], [[ In mate selection psychology, psychodynamics is defined as the study of the [[force]]s, motives, and ene

A mind map is similar to a semantic network or [[cognitive]] map but there are no formal restrictions on the kinds of links used. ...e claim to the origin of the mind map has been made by a British popular [[psychology]] author, Tony Buzan. He claimed the idea was inspired by Alfred Korzybski'

* 'Cognitive' versus 'non-cognitive' emotions * Instinctual emotions (from the amygdala), versus cognitive emotions (from the prefrontal cortex).

...by Jung and his contemporaries differentiating extroverted and introverted cognitive sensitivity types. [9] This [[research]] shows that about 15-20% of humans ...as a psychopathological condition that can be treated with experiential, [[cognitive]], [[behavioral]], and limited-reparenting strategies.

==Psychology== Cognitive mental as well as more [[spiritual]] approaches abound in response to the w

In [[psychology]], '''memory''' is an organism's [[mind|mental]] ability to store, retain a ...[[cognitive neuroscience]], an interdisciplinary link between [[cognitive psychology]] and [[neuroscience]].

...udy childhood from diverse [[perspectives]]—historiography, ethnography, [[cognitive]] research, media studies, cultural studies, [[political]] [[economic]] [[a In the domains of [[psychology]], [[education]], and to a lesser degree [[sociology]] and cultural studies

...draw conclusions) is traditionally studied within the field of [[cognitive psychology]]. ...ed large lists of them, and cognitive psychologists have documented many [[cognitive bias|biases in human reasoning]] that favor incorrect reasoning.

* Jungian psychology: [[coincidence|Coincidence]]s that seem to be [[meaningfully]] [[related]]; ...dsIWin.pdf Tim van Gelder, "Heads I win, tails you lose": A Foray Into the Psychology of Philosophy]. Many critics believe that any evidence for synchronicity is

...s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W._Pennebaker James W. Pennebaker][1], a [[psychology]] professor who became deeply interested in the physical and mental benefit ...m intensive [[psychoanalysis]] and the rise of much briefer forms, such as cognitive therapy.

* "Jealousy is conceptualized as a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral response to a relationship threat. In the case o ==In psychology==

[[Category: Psychology]]

'''Guilt''' is a [[cognitive]] or an [[emotion]]al [[experience]] that occurs when a [[person]] realizes ...tility.[2] Guilt and its causes, merits, and demerits are common themes in psychology and psychiatry. It is often associated with [[anxiety]], and sometimes [[de

...modeling, evolutionary [[biology]], neuroscience, [[anthropology]], and [[psychology]] in the 1940s, often attributed to the Macy Conferences. ...ychology (especially neuropsychology, behavioral psychology, [[cognitive]] psychology), [[philosophy]], and [[architecture]].[1]

...ence. Many personal coaches and counselors use movement, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral approaches in their work, usually integrating these aspects into For context to the history of counseling see [[Timeline of psychology]] and [[Timeline of psychotherapy]]. Each of the articles in See Also below

...meanings, interpretations, definitions and [[disciplines]] ranging from [[psychology]] and [[philosophy]] to the highly commercialized Self-Help industry and Mo *Thomas, K. W. and Velthouse, B. A. (1990) Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An 'Interpretive' Model of *Intrinsic Task Motivat

...or herself both as a person and in relation to other people. In cognitive psychology, the term "identity" refers to the capacity for self-reflection and the awa ==Identity in psychology==

...ughout nature and are perceived in people and animals, particularly in the cognitive development and socialization of those engaged in developmental processes a ...ct - essential for helping children reach important social, emotional, and cognitive developmental milestones as well as helping them manage stress and become r

...iki/Hypnotherapy hypnotherapist] when his background in [[business]] and [[psychology]] as well as extremely high visual ability was there to support him. Each o ...the importance of environment has been a major concern of [[medicine]], [[psychology]], [[education]] and other related fields of human endeavor for many, many

...w of", expressive of categoric negative assertion, egotistic, defensive, [[cognitive]]. Also a negative prefix to [[concepts]], especially as expressed in L. ni [[Category: Psychology]]

For him ''transcendental'' meant [[knowledge]] about our cognitive faculty with regard to how objects are possible ''[[a priori]]''. "I call a * [https://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~greg.c/psych.html Transcendence in Western Psychology]

...ject of much research in philosophy of mind, psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science. ...t filtered through his unconscious conditioning – a ‘reality’ that western psychology calls ‘projection’ (i.e., of the contents of the unconscious). Every in

...to extreme phobia and paranoia. Fear is related to a number of additional cognitive and emotional states including worry, anxiety, [[terror]], horror, [[panic] # Ohman, A. (2000). Fear and anxiety: Evolutionary, cognitive, and clinical perspectives. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.). Hand

==Psychology== ...ng form, impairs one's ability to [[process]] [[information]] and to exert cognitive control over his [[behavior]]. An angry person may lose his/her [[objectivi

== Ideology in Cognitive Science, Linguistics, Philosophy, Post-Modernism and Critical Theory == ...tion]] itself. [[Linguistics|Linguist]] [[George Lakoff]] has proposed a [[cognitive science of mathematics]] wherein even the most fundamental ideas of arithme

...coined by [[Indra Sen]]) and Psychotherapy that emerges from it. (Integral Psychology: Yoga, Growth, and Opening the Heart, SUNY, 2007 ISBN 0791470717). Althoug ...eas such as business, [[education]], medicine, [[spirituality]], sports, [[psychology]], and psychotherapy. The theme of the evolution of [[consciousness]] has

...the study of some fundamental questions about the methods and concepts of psychology and psychiatry, such as the meaningfulness of [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] co ...ve only a weaker connection with the field. In the late twentieth century cognitive science and artificial intelligence could be seen as being forged in part o

...d the pivotal experience of his life, a fleeting [[mysticism|mystical]] or cognitive experience that he regarded as a few moments of "cosmic consciousness." Bu ...olumes, Bucke's study has become part of the foundation of [[transpersonal psychology]].

==Educational Psychology== ...transferred to short-term working memory. The other section of educational psychology textbooks in which sensations and perceptions are mentioned concerns studen

...ctrum]] disorders (ASD) are [[Asperger syndrome]], which lacks delays in [[cognitive]] development and [[language]], and PDD-NOS, diagnosed when full criteria f ...t develop more normally and then regress.[10] Although early behavioral or cognitive intervention can help autistic children gain self-care, social, and [[commu

This method of brainstorming works by the method of [[Association (psychology)|association]]. It may improve collaboration and increase the quantity of i ...locking interfere with cognitive processes? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 531-548.

...function and the [[analysis]] of thinking processes is part of cognitive [[psychology]].

...ticular, created a framework which would appeal not only to those studying psychology, but artists and writers as well. ...] [[idealism]] and [[logic]] to experimental science, for example in his ''Psychology'' of 1887. However, he abandoned Hegelian constructs. Influenced by both [[

...[[motivation]] that serves the locus of control and goal orientation. In [[psychology]] and psychiatry, the [[experience]] of lacking a purpose in one's life is [[Category: Psychology]]

...t the [[word]] is also used more specifically for a felt or hypothesized [[cognitive]] or [[emotion]]al [[state]]. Acceptance is a key for all [[family]] member [[Category: Psychology]]

...tive perspective or definition of creativity. And unlike many phenomena in psychology, there is no standardized measurement technique. Creativity has been attributed variously to [[divine]] intervention, [[cognitive]] processes, the [[social]] environment, [[personality]] traits, and [[chan

Signs of stress may be [[cognitive]], [[emotion]]al, physical or [[behavior]]al and include (but are not limit ===Lazarus: cognitive appraisal model===

..., Oklahoma City, OK, United States), is an American author who writes on [[psychology]], [[philosophy]], [[mysticism]], [[ecology]], and [[spiritual]] [[evolutio ...nd spirituality and show how they integrate with theories of developmental psychology, such as Spiral Dynamics. His book, ''Boomeritis'' (2002), is a novel which

Aaron: And you don't have a degree in psychology? Bob P.: Actually, I have a psychology minor in my Ph.D. (Group gasps and laughs. This wasn't known before.)

In [[psychology]], '''self-esteem''' reflects a [[person]]'s overall evaluation or appraisa *Implicit self-esteem is assessed using indirect [[measure]]s of [[cognitive]] processing. These include the Name Letter Task[14] and the Implicit Assoc

In the [[cognitive]] model presented by MBTI, the [[process]] of introverted thinking (Ti) is [[Category: Psychology]]

...ow moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is (moral [[psychology]]). [https://www.iep.utm.edu/e/ethics.htm] In applied ethics, for example, ...not only in action understanding, but also in emotion sharing [[empathy]]. Cognitive neuro-scientist Jean Decety thinks that the ability to recognize and vicari

...to solve it, limits of complexity are measured using a term from cognitive psychology, namely the hrair limit. ...cently, complexity is a natural domain of interest of the real world socio-cognitive systems and emerging systemics research. Complex systems tend to be high-di

...d]] on the [[emotional]] [[response]] to loss, it also has [[physical]], [[cognitive]], [[behavioral]], social, and [[philosophical]] [[dimensions]]. Common to ...[[manifestations]] and problems which are age related, mostly because of [[cognitive]] and [[emotional]] [[skills]] along the way. Children will exhibit their m

...ymbols convey information about the Earth most effectively, and behavioral psychology to induce the readers of their maps to act on the [[information]]. They mus

...waking state to hyperexcitability. A psychiatrist who subscribes to depth psychology sees waking consciousness as the mere tip of the iceberg, the rest being co ...nd hysterical illnesses, Mesmer (1734–1815) was knowledgeable in medicine, psychology, hermeticism, and alchemy. He postulated that people possess two distinct r

== Psychology == ...long with their [[behavior]]al consequences, are studied in the field of [[psychology]].

...ding to which empirical laws and explanations in "special sciences" like [[psychology]] or [[geology]] are invisible from the perspective of basic [[physics]]. ...xist at all -- that talk of the mental reflects a totally spurious "[[folk psychology]]" that simply has no basis in [[fact]], something like the way that folk s

...cts of computer science, but also [[library science]], [[cognitive science|cognitive]], and [[social sciences]]. ...]], [[mathematics]], [[library science]], information science, [[cognitive psychology]], [[linguistics]], [[statistics]], [[physics]].

...escribed physiologically as a response to neural processes during sleep, [[psychology|psychologically]] as reflections of the subconscious, and [[spirituality|sp ...f Eye Movements during Sleep to Dream Activity.'". Journal of Experimental Psychology 53: 89–97. doi:10.1037/h0048189.

...tegrity, self-confidence (which is associated with emotional stability), [[cognitive]] ability, and [[knowledge]] of the business. According to their [[research ...leadership from a group dynamics [[perspective]] incorporating [[group]] [[psychology]] and self awareness to nurture “Environments” that promote self sustai

...tages of Faith]” by James Fowler. Fowler taught a form of developmental [[psychology]] to seminary students at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory_University E ...y. He draws heavily on many specialties within the field of developmental psychology, including Fowler‘s work. Over the last hundred years there has been a l

...icant father involvement tend to exhibit higher scores on assessments of [[cognitive]] development, enhanced social skills and fewer behavior problems.[7][8][9] [[Category: Psychology]]

# a method of treatment of [[Psychology|psychological]] or [[emotion]]al illness. (A Glossary of Psychoanalytic Ter ...an explanatory theory was the then unpublished ''Project for a Scientific Psychology'' in 1895. In this work Freud attempted to develop a neurophysiologic theor

...[mental disorders]]. [[Cognitive science]] seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as [[compute ...ht of the nervous system in hydraulic terms. He believed that the highest cognitive functions—language in particular—are carried out by a non-physical ''re

...he "elbow room" believed to be necessary by libertarians. Free [[Volition (psychology)|volition]] is regarded as a particular kind of complex, high-level process ...Shapiro, D. L. 2003 "Evaluation of criminal responsibility". In ''Forensic psychology.'' vol. 11 (ed. A. M. Goldstein), pp. 381–406. New York: Wiley.</ref> In

...analysis also covers modern [[idea]]s of mental causation involving such [[Psychology|psychological causes as [[volition]], need, motivation, or motives; [[ratio ====Psychology====

emphasize human cognitive evolution as the central force in cybernetics, tion of ‘mental and cognitive structuring in the human’ (Engelbart 1962).

...ve intelligence can be encouraged "to overcome 'groupthink' and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process—while ach [[Category: Psychology]]

...risdictions. [[self-awareness]], [[individual]]ity, and a sense of [[self (psychology)|self]] that persists through time. Other views centre around the degree to ...of [[Princeton University]], regard certain types of [[animal]]s with high cognitive abilities and a degree of societal development as persons, and argue that s

...emergentist or generative philosophy, cognitive sciences and evolutionary psychology, argue that free will does not exist.[14][15] They suggest instead that an *Kenrick, D. T., Li, N. P., & Butner, J. (2003). Dynamical evolutionary psychology: Individual

...cticed in [[Western world|Western]] culture. (The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 22|pages=pp. 149-166) ...n 'anchor'... brings the subject constantly back to the present, avoiding cognitive analysis or fantasy regarding the contents of awareness, and increasing tol

...sue regarding the relationship between verbal irony and [[sarcasm]], and [[psychology]] researchers have addressed the issue directly (e.g, Lee & Katz, 1998). Fo ...ic irony see [[Kieran Egan]] ''[[The Educated Mind|The educated mind : how cognitive tools shape our understanding]]''. (1997) University of Chicago Press, Chic

...ain individual cases through more general principles, as in many fields of psychology. Anthropology (like some fields of history) does not easily fit into one of ...s and 1970s, including [[Psychological anthropology#Cognitive Anthropology|cognitive anthropology]] and componential analysis. Authors such as [[David Schneider

...become more restful and you enter into a [[transition]], a [[Transpersonal Psychology|trans-personal]] [[experience]] may develop, or not. You feel “other tha ...s they have mental capacity to engage these questions on a [[rational]], [[cognitive]] basis, then they can take on the [[responsibility]] of [[growth]] in over

...given entity, it is necessary to distinguish between two aspects: that of psychology and that of musical logic. Stumpf defined or characterized the psychologica ...final court of appeal. After mathematics, physics, Hegelian dialectics and psychology (Kurth, B1913, C1920), it was the role of history to guarantee the scientif

light which Alkindï’s discussion of intellectual (or cognitive) operations threw on cognitive process as a whole person, that is, an ensouled body, instead of as a

...eneral tend to be more characteristic of natural sciences and experimental psychology than of disciplines commonly categorized as social sciences. Among the latt * [[Ronald N. Giere|Giere, Ronald N.]] (ed.), ''Cognitive Models of Science'', vol. 15 in 'Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Sci

...relate to us as a loving friend. Poor devil, he must have a nasty case of cognitive dissonance by now. ...s like "mass hysteria" or "multiple personality." The trouble is that most psychology that deals with mind dynamics is itself an art, hypothetical, or at the roo

*Psychology and Spirituality ...of [[psychology]] and [[spirituality]]? Isn't it impossible to avoid the [[psychology]] in personal ministry?